The Record

• 1968 National Policy on Education adopted the three-language formula (TLF) to promote national unity and linguistic diversity. Outcome: Varied implementation across states; some states (e.g., Tamil Nadu) resisted, leading to a two-language formula Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 1986 Batson v. Kentucky established that peremptory challenges cannot be used to exclude jurors based on race. → Despite this, cases like Pitchford's (and others) continue to arise, indicating ongoing issues with enforcement and compliance Bureau coverage · WaPo Politics
• 2004 Dharavi Redevelopment Project first proposed by Maharashtra government. → Multiple failed tenders and stalled progress over nearly two decades due to complex land issues and resident resistance Bureau coverage · NDTV India
• 2005 Foster v. Chatman (Georgia) - SCOTUS overturned a death sentence due to racial bias in jury selection, finding 'purposeful discrimination.' → Similar patterns of prosecutors striking Black jurors with flimsy justifications persist Bureau coverage · WaPo Politics
• 2009 Centre to keep personal records of students going abroad, incentives considered for voluntary registration, online system planned. Outcome: No comprehensive database created, MEA still relies on foreign country data. [preprod.indianexpress.com] Bureau coverage · Indian Express
• 2012 First phase of Marine Fisheries Identity Cards (MFIC) distributed to 1.53 lakh fishermen. Second phase planned for 1.05 lakh. Outcome: Ongoing process, but the new bill indicates a need for more comprehensive regulation and enforcement Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2014 PM Modi promised 'minimum government, maximum governance' and 'ease of doing business' as core tenets. → India's rank in Ease of Doing Business improved but faced criticism for methodology and ground reality Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2014 'Achhe Din' (Good Days) promised, focusing on economic growth and development → Mixed results, with ongoing challenges in employment, inflation, and income inequality Bureau coverage · www.newindianexpress.com
• 2014 Kothari Commission report noted 'unsatisfactory' implementation of TLF, citing lack of political will and resources. Outcome: No significant change in implementation, continued regional disparities Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2015 MEA launched MADAD portal for voluntary registration of Indian students abroad. Outcome: Only 41,000 students registered out of an estimated 1 million+ by 2026. [indianexpress.com], [fsi.mea.gov.in] Bureau coverage · Indian Express
• 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal (JCPOA) signed, limiting Iran's nuclear program in exchange for sanctions relief. Outcome: Trump withdrew US in 2018, reimposing sanctions. 2026 (Feb): US/Israel launch strikes on Iran, followed by US naval blockade. Outcome: Iran restricts Strait of Hormuz traffic, global oil prices surge. 2026 (April): Ceasefire declared, US proposes 9-point plan. Outcome: Iran responds with 14-point plan, US rejects it Bureau coverage · BBC World
• 2016 MEA launched 'Students Registration Module' on madad.gov.in, with then-FM Sushma Swaraj tweeting requests for registration. Outcome: By September 2016, only 6,600 students had registered. [thepienews.com] Bureau coverage · Indian Express
• 2016 PM Modi pledged to double farmers' income by 2022. Outcome: Farmers' income grew by 1.3-1.7 times (depending on calculation method), falling short of the target, with many still facing distress. (NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey 2018-19, NITI Aayog reports) Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2017 Trump's first visit to China, red-carpet welcome, 'pragmatic businessman' rhetoric. Outcome: Trade war escalated shortly after. 2025 (October): Trump and Xi met in South Korea, shook hands on a 'trade war truce'. Outcome: US announced new trade investigations and tariffs shortly after, continuing the trade war Bureau coverage · WaPo World
• 2017 Odisha government made biometric cards mandatory for fishermen for coastal security. 3.46 lakh fishermen identified, 3.45 lakh photos taken. Outcome: Cards were distributed, but the new bill suggests existing measures are insufficient or not fully implemented Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2017 Mamata Banerjee government announced 'Hill Area Development Programme' with Rs 100 crore allocation for Darjeeling. Outcome: CAG reports and local media frequently cited slow progress and alleged fund diversion Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2017 Ministry of Civil Aviation announced 'AirSewa' portal for passenger grievances, promised resolution within 30 days. Outcome: CAG report (2020) found only 40% of grievances resolved within stipulated time, many marked 'resolved' without actual resolution Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2018 Fugitive Economic Offenders Act (FEOA) enacted to deter economic offenders from evading legal process. → Only 15 individuals declared FEOs by Oct 2025, with Rs 26,645 crore principal loss to banks Bureau coverage · Indian Express
• 2018 Supreme Court judgment on Cauvery water sharing. Karnataka submits DPR for Mekedatu dam. Tamil Nadu files petitions opposing it Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2019 CAA passed, promising citizenship to non-Muslim migrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan. Rules not framed, implementation stalled Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2019 PM Modi reiterated focus on 'ease of living' and 'next-gen reforms' after re-election. → Implementation of various schemes (e.g., Ujjwala, Swachh Bharat) showed mixed results, with issues of sustainability and last-mile delivery Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2019 Rajasthan Industrial Policy 2019 announced, aiming to attract investment and boost manufacturing. Outcome: While some investment occurred, Rajasthan's industrial growth remained moderate, and it continued to lag behind leading industrial states. (General economic reports, not specific policy review found) Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2019 TN CM Palaniswami writes to PM Modi to reject DPR, citing SC violation Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2020 During COVID-19, PM Modi urged citizens to observe 'Janata Curfew' and bang thalis to show appreciation for frontline workers, shifting focus from government preparedness to public participation. Outcome: While symbolic, the economic burden and healthcare system strain remained significant, requiring later government interventions Bureau coverage · timesofindia.indiatimes.com
• 2020 Farm Laws introduced, touted as 'historic reforms' for farmer welfare. Outcome: Widespread protests, eventual repeal of laws, highlighting significant farmer distrust and lack of consensus on agricultural policy Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2020 National Education Policy (NEP) reaffirmed TLF, emphasizing flexibility and choice. Outcome: Continued debate and challenges, particularly regarding teacher availability and resource allocation, leading to the current Supreme Court intervention Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2021 LDF government announces K-Rail (SilverLine) semi-high-speed rail project (530km, ₹64,000 crore) → Met with public protests, land acquisition issues, and lack of Union government approval. Project stalled Bureau coverage · www.thehindu.com
• 2021 2026 (TMC regime): Teachers' recruitment scam, municipal recruitment scams, jobs handed over for monetary gains. Outcome: Supreme Court cancelled 26,000 teachers' jobs in 2025; TMC lost recent assembly elections Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2021 West Bengal Assembly elections saw numerous TMC leaders defect to BJP, including high-profile figures like Suvendu Adhikari, often citing 'lack of internal democracy' or 'corruption'. Outcome: While BJP gained some seats, TMC still won a landslide, and many defectors lost or returned to TMC Bureau coverage · NDTV India
• 2021 TMC government promised 'permanent political solution' for Darjeeling. Outcome: No concrete solution achieved, Gorkhaland demand remains Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2021 National Hydrogen Mission launched with Rs 19,744 crore outlay, aiming for 5 million tonnes green hydrogen production by 2030. → Progress has been slow, with significant infrastructure still lacking and high production costs Bureau coverage · TOI Top Stories
• 2022 Amid rising fuel prices, government appealed for 'responsible consumption' and 'energy conservation' without significant reduction in fuel taxes. Outcome: Fuel prices remained high, and the burden continued to be borne by consumers Bureau coverage · timesofindia.indiatimes.com
• 2022 'Viksit Bharat 2047' vision launched, aiming for developed nation status by India's centenary of independence → Regular meetings and pronouncements, but concrete, measurable progress towards specific 2047 targets remains largely rhetorical Bureau coverage · www.newindianexpress.com
• 2022 Rajasthan Investment Promotion Scheme (RIPS) 2022 launched, offering incentives for investment. Outcome: Attracted some investment, but overall industrial transformation remained a long-term goal. (General economic reports) Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2022 Adani Group wins bid for Dharavi redevelopment. → Project faces ongoing challenges including resident eligibility disputes, concerns over displacement, and lack of clarity on rehabilitation specifics for all residents Bureau coverage · NDTV India
• 2022 DGCA issued guidelines for airlines to address passenger issues like flight delays/cancellations. Outcome: Continued widespread complaints about delays, lost baggage, and poor customer service, leading to parliamentary committee discussions in late 2023 Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• 2022 Gadkari announced plans for hydrogen-powered vehicles, including a Toyota Mirai he uses. → Limited commercial rollout of hydrogen vehicles due to lack of fueling stations and high vehicle costs Bureau coverage · TOI Top Stories
• 2023 ED states 19 people booked under FEOA, 10 declared FEOs, involving fraud over Rs 40,000 crore. → By Oct 2025, only 15 declared FEOs, total principal loss Rs 26,645 crore, with Rs 19,187 crore recovered Bureau coverage · Indian Express
• 2023 NDMA operationalized the Integrated Alert System (SACHET) using Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) for SMS alerts, disseminating over 134 billion SMS alerts in 19+ languages. (Source: [timesofindia.indiatimes.com](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/received-extremely-severe-alert-on-your-phone-what-is-means-and-how-this-emergency-notification-system-works/articleshow/130712453.cms)) Bureau coverage · TOI Top Stories
• 2023 India-Italy Strategic Partnership announced, aiming for deeper cooperation. Outcome: Bilateral trade reached €16 billion Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2023 E. Sreedharan proposes a new high-speed rail line (Thiruvananthapuram to Kannur, less than ₹1 lakh crore) with 95% elevated structure → Preliminary report submitted, Union government consideration mentioned. 2026 (Jan): Kerala Cabinet gives in-principle approval for Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) (583km, cost not specified) after K-Rail fails → Letter to Union government for approval, MoU planned. Funding model proposed: 20% state, 20% central, 60% international loans. 2026 (May): UDF government scraps K-Rail, promises to de-notify land and remove markers → Announces possibility of its 'own' semi-high-speed rail project Bureau coverage · www.thehindu.com
• 2023 Minister V. Sivankutty admitted 'slight difference' in Plus One seats vs. SSLC pass-outs in Malappuram, promised to address it. Outcome: Issue persisted, requiring 'marginal seat increase' and 'temporary batches' again in 2024 Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2023 Panchayat elections saw renewed accusations of internal sabotage and factionalism within TMC, leading to sporadic violence and public spats among leaders. Outcome: TMC won overwhelmingly, but internal cracks remained visible Bureau coverage · NDTV India
• 2024 OMCs rolled out pilot project for E93 fuel at ~500 retail outlets. Outcome: Almost no consumer demand due to lack of flex-fuel vehicles, leading to underutilised infrastructure and little return on investment Bureau coverage · Mint
• 2024 CAA rules notified just before general elections, but confusion over documentation and Mamata Banerjee's campaign led to limited uptake, especially in West Bengal. 2024 (July): MHA amends rules, expanding acceptable documents to include Indian-issued ones and adding 'etc.' clause, acknowledging previous rules were impractical for target beneficiaries Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2024 Joint Strategic Action Plan 2025-29 announced, targeting €20 billion bilateral trade by 2029. Outcome: Plan outlines specific sectors for co-development and co-production, and aims to enhance collaboration in maritime and land infrastructure, including IMEEC Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2024 Minister N. Shamsudheen stated 'huge shortage' in Malabar, particularly Malappuram and Palakkad, and that 'additional batches should be included in the first allotment itself'. Outcome: As of May 2024, a 'marginal seat increase of up to 30%' and continuation of temporary batches still awaits 'Cabinet ratification' for the upcoming admissions Bureau coverage · The Hindu National
• 2025 Government set E20 blending target. Outcome: E20 petrol available in only 1,900 of 72,079 fuel stations as of August 2023, with public complaints about reduced mileage and engine performance Bureau coverage · Mint
• 2025 SC disposes of TN's lawsuits, stating CWC (experts) to determine compliance. TN files review petition Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times
• February 2026 Iran closes Strait of Hormuz, initiating conflict with US and Israel, stranding 2000+ ships Bureau coverage · BBC World
• April 2026 Fragile ceasefire agreed, US and Iran engage in peace talks via Pakistan Bureau coverage · BBC World
• April 16, 2026 US-brokered ceasefire announced between Israel and Lebanon, with Hezbollah rejecting the deal. → Hostilities continued, with Israel striking Beirut twice since, and Hezbollah launching rockets into Israel Bureau coverage · NPR World
• May 2026 US launches 'Project Freedom' to reopen strait, leading to renewed attacks from Iran and UAE Bureau coverage · BBC World
• June 7, 2026 Netanyahu agrees to hold back on Beirut strikes on condition Hezbollah stops targeting Israeli border towns. → Ceasefire 'collapsed' after Hezbollah projectiles crossed border, followed by Israeli strikes on Beirut suburbs and Iranian retaliation Bureau coverage · NPR World
• 2026 DoT and NDMA introduce Cell Broadcast (CB) technology as an upgrade to SMS, aiming for near real-time delivery and overriding phone settings Bureau coverage · TOI Top Stories
• 2026 Karnataka announces 'bhoomi pooja' for Mekedatu. TN CM Vijay writes to PM Modi to reject DPR, citing SC violation Bureau coverage · Hindustan Times